måndag 2 november 2026

If a Santeria Witch Uses a Statue of Mary or a Rosary, What Should be Done?


First question, is it a normal statue or rosary apart from the use, or have they been tweaked?

If they have been tweaked, so that a specific message alien to the Catholic truth and essential to Santeria is unequivocally expressed, a bishop could actually command the destruction.

Now, this is probably not the case. At least not always.

What if it is a normal, Catholic looking, statue or rosary, which happens to have been used in Santeria?

Well, while destruction could still be an option, another one is also there. Exorcism and blessing, or reblessing.

Now, some people might pretend (like Puritans*) that a Miraculous Medal is the same thing.

No, it isn't.

The idea isn't that Mary's spirit is in the medal, at all, it's that the image helps devotion to Her, and God makes sure this is something She can respond to, by carrying the prayers of Her children.

And yes, as She is in Heavenly Glory, She has that capacity, it is also because Her Son was all His life, including on the Cross, in Heavenly Glory that He could mediate for each who is saved.

And yes, we are Her children:

When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple standing whom he loved, he saith to his mother: Woman, behold thy son.
[John 19:26]

And the dragon was angry against the woman: and went to make war with the rest of her seed, who keep the commandments of God, and have the testimony of Jesus Christ
[Apocalypse (Revelation) 12:17]


The idea behind the Medal is also that the priest who blessed the medal or the person who gave the medal can pray for the one carrying it. There are Protestants who will attach the same function to giving someone a Bible or a Cross.

Now some will say that The Lord commanded the Bronze Serpent and the Angels on the Ark, but not any image of Jesus or of Mary.

As to images of Jesus, there are the ones on the facecloth of Oviedo and the Shroud of Turin, which He made supernaturally, as to those of Mary, Sister Catherine Labouré had a revelation about it, and the bishop decided it was from God.

Before that, St. Luke while hearing Mary's testimony painted Her, and She understood it was a correct thing to do. So did the Church, at least those around the events. Exactly as the Church knew St. Luke's Gospel and Acts were inspired.

A Catholic carrying the Miraculous Medal is in the same position as a person who was bitten by the Serpent and looked on the Bronze Serpent. Moses was the authority given to Israelites back then. The Archbishop of Paris, Hyacinthe-Louis de Quélen, had Apostolic authority to discern, like Moses had the origin of the Old Covenant authority.

But with the Bronze Serpent, there were healings, actual miracles. Right?

During a deadly cholera pandemic, the Daughters of Charity started distributing the medals. After reports of miraculous cures, the demand for the medal rapidly grew in France and other graces were reported, such as conversions, and it became widely known in the following decades as the Miraculous Medal.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraculous_Medal


This was the second cholera pandemic, the first one to reach this far into Europe (the first pandemic had only reached Russia).**

Reminds me, the last plague epidemic involved a break-out in Marseille. The Bishop Henri François Xavier de Belsunce de Castelmoron helped to get the epidemic finished, by personally visiting the sick sometimes, by measures, by field hospitals. He was also not a huge favourite with Puritans, because he hated Calvinist doctrine as much as he hated the Plague.

The "rabid" or "fanatic" anti-Protestant Belsunce and the the "superstitious" medal have helped to cure last outbreak of Plague and first outbreak of cholera in France.

The apparitions in Lourdes and Fatima have involved requests for statues, and these have been approved, again, by bishops. Lourdes, again, has cured a lot of sick. Not unlike the Bronze Serpent.

However, behind the words of one at least pretended ex-Catholic running a "ministry" named Philippians 1:9, there is a different kind of argument too.

  • The Bible contains one commandment specifically against images.
  • God can make exceptions even from His own commandments.
  • The exceptions must be explicitly from God, also contained in the Bible.


Given the killings of Canaanean children, and given Samson and maybe even (back before the Grace) Razias, I would say, yes, God can make exceptions even from direct commandments.

However, this is not the general status of religious images.

I very much deny the first of these tenets, that the Bible contains one commandment specifically against images. I state that the following is one commandment, not two:

3 Thou shalt not have strange gods before me 4 Thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing, nor the likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or in the earth beneath, nor of those things that are in the waters under the earth 5 Thou shalt not adore them, nor serve them: I am the Lord thy God, mighty, jealous, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me 6 And shewing mercy unto thousands to them that love me, and keep my commandments.
[Exodus 20:3-6]


Here is Bishop Richard Challoner's comment:

[4] "A graven thing, nor the likeness of any thing": All such images, or likenesses, are forbidden by this commandment, as are made to be adored and served; according to that which immediately follows, thou shalt not adore them, nor serve them. That is, all such as are designed for idols or image-gods, or are worshipped with divine honour. But otherwise images, pictures, or representations, even in the house of God, and in the very sanctuary so far from being forbidden, are expressly authorized by the word of God. See Ex. 25. 15, and etc.; chap. 38. 7; Num. 21. 8, 9; 1 Chron. or Paralip. 28. 18, 19; 2 Chron. or Paralip. 3. 10.


Apart from the question whether the image itself is adored or served and not, there is also that whether the image is of a strange god. In the Old Testament, God could not be depicted, because He was not as yet become Man. Depicting friends of God when He could not Himself be depicted could have given the emotional impact of making them more relatable and therefore more important than Him. Even if not originally so, they would have quickly risked becoming images of strange gods.

In the New Covenant, God has become Man, and can be depicted. Therefore the affection that images of His friends, first His Holy and Blessed Mother, can kindle, can easily be balanced by the affection that images of Himself can kindle, and they do not risk becoming images of strange gods. The point of all the times God orders the making of images is, He is showing that images in and of themselves were not the point, this was a ritual application of the commandment against strange gods.

So, whatever can or should be done against someone's Santeria abuse of Marian devotionals, don't apply that to normal use of the Catholic devotionals.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
All Souls
2 Nov. 2026

Commemoratio omnium Fidelium Defunctorum.

* See also Puritans at Salem Village (Now Danvers)

** The people who pretend the European Middle Ages were plagued by cholera are wrong. The pathogen existed in the Middle Ages, but in India, and the first cholera pandemic started in Calcutta. Unlike what one Robidoux thought: Life in the Middle Ages was Usually Not Miserable, and in Europe Involved No Cholera,

onsdag 5 augusti 2026

So, as Buddhists Use Mantras, Were There Any in the Roman Empire?


Yes, but not many:

You can pay to help build a shrine or plant a tree or set up a statue of the Buddha, which is exactly what Vasula did, which makes this the first solid archaeological evidence we have of practicing Buddhists living in the Roman Empire. Now, we're not talking about Buddhist institutions here. The fact that these Buddhists were worshiping in the courtyard of a temple to Isis probably tells us they didn't have anywhere better to go, but this is evidence of Buddhism in Egypt nonetheless.


12:24—12:48 on this video:

There Were Buddhists in the Roman Empire
ReligionForBreakfast | 27 July 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sa_LhZrDjhk


And, the Vazulas inscription is from 9 Sept. 248 AD.

More than 200 years after Jesus spoke.

No, Matthew 6:7 doesn't refer to mantras. It still refers to overexplaining to Pagan gods just to make sure, just to make sure, beginning over and over again, hoping to hit the right formulation./HGL

onsdag 22 juli 2026

What Should We Think of Apologetic Material by Protestants?


If a Protestant:

  • makes a good point against Islam
  • or against Atheism
  • against Christ-rejecting Judaism
  • against Evolution
  • against Abortion ...


... can we use it?

I would personally say yes, unless Pope Michael II were to say otherwise.

Pope Michael I was far from an admirer of Kent Hovind's Protestantism, but liked some of the things he did (against Evolution, or about End Times, no doubt).

So, I don't expect Pope Michael II to crack down on this soon.

Is there a traditional precedent for this?

I cite one on the Creationist blog, in the description:

"La vérité et l'érudition, en effet, ne sauraient être hérétiques, au point de redouter d'utiliser ce que des érudits, même hérétiques, ont écrit et exposé avec justesse".
(Dom Guarin)


The context concretely was, his comments on the Old Testament used the assistance of a Hebrew lexicon by a Lutheran./HGL

tisdag 14 juli 2026

Historic Christianity is Not Derivatives in Mathematics


Assorted retorts from yahoo boards and elsewhere: Doug Wilson Trying to Square the Circle · Great Bishop of Geneva! Historic Christianity is Not Derivatives in Mathematics

Ryan from Need God Net met Trent Horn.

Trent Horn
... there there are people today whose names you do know who agree with you.

Ryan
Sure. In terms of people I personally know. Yeah.

Trent Horn
And or not personally you know their names. You know their public position.

Ryan
Okay. Yes.

Trent Horn
But but there is no such person like that from the second to the 15th century that you can name a position.

Ryan
No. I do not grant that.

Trent Horn
Okay. What are their names?

Ryan
That's not something that

Trent Horn
What are their names?

Ryan
But that's not something but that's not that's not what I'm come prepared for this debate for. I'm not here to debate what does church father say this or church father over there say. It's what does scripture say on this topic.

Trent Horn
You can't name anyone.

Ryan
If just like this even if you can't define what a derivative is for example someone hasn't studied mathematics it doesn't mean derivatives don't exist.


I'm taking this excerpt from before 1:27 to just before 2:03 in a video by JD:

Catholic Apologist SHUTS DOWN Protestant YouTuber on Faith
JD Catholic Engage | 6 July 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HP4Mq24kk3o


It is from a longer video on either of the channels:

DEBATE: Can a Christian Lose Salvation? (with NeedGod.net)
The Counsel of Trent | 1 July 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vH3DbAjsNcs


[FULL DEBATE] Trent Horn vs NeedGod.net on Salvation
NeedGod․net | 2 July 2026
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWLIQrTYmBE


Now, let's first deal briefly with Ryan saying he came to debate what the Bible says. I've already answered Doug Wilson on this one. A man who is elect cannot finally lose his salvation. This does not mean that a man who is justified cannot.

But this is to deal with the idea of "people who agreed with me existed, I just don't know their names" ... just like derivatives do.

If you are really a beginner in history, this may help a bit. But if you have done your homework and haven't found any OSAS fathers, you must ask if this is Biblical. Can an idea be absent from an entire century and still belong to the Christian faith? I mean absent from what's now traceable.

The answer would be no.

First, truth as such cannot be lost:

Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you: and behold I am with you all days, even to the consummation of the world.
[Matthew 28:20]


But second, it cannot remain hidden from sight:

You are the light of the world. A city seated on a mountain cannot be hid Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but upon a candlestick, that it may shine to all that are in the house
[Matthew 5:14-15]


The very minimum is, it cannot be a truth that is visibly contradicted all over what remains to us from a point in the past, without being affirmed in it. Prior to Pope Michael I, Solange Herz, Fernand Crombette, and a priest who collected nine papal condemnations of Heliocentrism (his book was reedited by Pope Michael I) had maintained Geocentrism. Young Earth Creationism or at least a total rejection of Theistic Evolution I found before myself among Catholics in Tom Zimmer, the pilgrim of Loreto, whom I met in Rome in 1986, just before Pentecost I think.

But for a century where Trent Horn can name people contradicting OSAS, it won't do for a man defending it to refer to "I've not studied mathematics, but I know derivatives exist" ...even if he's Ryan and correctly named a ministry "need God" (though he isn't carrying it out or wasn't starting it correctly).

Derivatives may or may not be a thing in mathematical nature, like logarithms probably are. But if they are, they can be there even if they are undiscovered from 5200 BC to 1700's AD. Discovering them isn't a problem. Jesus never promised to be with Mathematicians all days, and He never called them the light of the world. Basel, St. Petersburg, Berlin, none of these are even "cities on hills", but even if they were, Jesus never told Euler "thou are Pious and on this π I will build mathematics, and the powers of ignorance shall never prevail" ... there really and truly is no problem for the mathematic community if derivatives are more than just a neat tool and yet were, for long, undiscovered.

There is a very definite problem for the Church if people believing OSAS in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th centuries on the one hand existed but on the other cannot be discovered, if at the same time you discover loads of people who didn't believe in OSAS. Or at least not that it applies on the individual level, from the pov of the person justified. God knows who His elect are. The elect who are justified but not yet glorified do not know if they are elect, unless God choses to reveal it.

People believing the right thing in all centuries are like the multiplication table, not like derivatives. They are easy to discover at least with modern historic tools, like 3 * 5 = 15. Matthew 5:15, remember.

This also precludes Theistic Evolution or Old Earth Creationism from being correct positions. Or even Heliocentrism. Karl Keating on this issue did wrong to quote Providentissimus Deus "The unshrinking defence of the Holy Scripture, however, does not require that we should equally uphold all the opinions which each of the Fathers or the more recent interpreters have put forth in explaining it" since Geostasis is not just the position of some individual Church Fathers, but of all who have spoken on the matter.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Bonaventura
14.VII.2026

15.VII Lugduni, in Gallia, depositio sancti Bonaventurae, Cardinalis et Episcopi Albanensis, Confessoris et Ecclesiae Doctoris, ex Ordine Minorum, doctrina et vitae sanctitate celeberrimi. Ipsius tamen festivitas pridie hujus diei recolitur.
14.VII Sancti Bonaventurae, ex Ordine Minorum, Cardinalis et Episcopi Albanensis, Confessoris et Ecclesiae Doctoris; qui sequenti die migravit ad Dominum.

måndag 29 juni 2026

SSPX Profession of Faith, Some Comments


I'll start in the Mariology section.*

49. I profess that, truly Mother of God and Mother of men, she was associated in a unique and incomparable manner with the redemptive work of her divine Son: the new Eve beside the new Adam, her Fiat opened the way to the Incarnation; her silent fidelity accompanied the entire life of the Saviour; her sorrowful Compassion at the foot of the Cross united her with one heart to the redemptive Sacrifice.52


She was also victorious of the Devil before becoming Mother of God. "Blessed among women" means female defeater of an enemy of the people of God, of Israel, as with Jael and Judith.

The only candidate for Her Sisera or Holophernes is Satan as was made clear to Her when Elisabeth completed the allusion to Genesis 3:15. But She was already Jael and Judith, or Blessed among Women, before Her pregnancy started, because She was called this in verse 28 and it is only in verse 31 that Gabriel says:

Behold thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and shalt bring forth a son; and thou shalt call his name Jesus


Not only sinlessness, but consequently also releasing Man from Satan starts before She actually becomes Mother of God. A Protestant has said "Mary Delivered Jesus, Jesus Delievered Mary" ... while He died for Her too on Calvary, He gave Her this delivery beforehand, so it is as true to say "Jesus Delivered Mary, Mary Delivered Jesus."

And as He was both God and a pious Son, He did so before She was even there, in the first moment of Her existence.

50. I profess that, thus united to her Divine Son, she merited by congruity in her Compassion what Christ merited by strict justice in His Passion; not as the principal cause of the Redemption, but as a subordinate associate, dependent upon and wholly relative to her Son, in one and the same act of the Redemption of our souls. It is in this sense that Catholic piety, supported by the traditional teaching of Popes and theologians, rightly calls her, by reason of this Compassion, ‘Co-redemptrix’, and consequently ‘Universal Mediatrix’.53


Rather, Co-Redemptrix is accounted for here, but Universal Mediatrix only starts here, at Calvary. Since She was assumed into Heaven, no grace has been given without Her intercession.

Precisely as Jesus, already comprehensor in this life could on Calvary itself through the Beatific Vision, be an elector of each elect man. Now, Mary reached the Beatific Vision on one August 15. Hence, She is universal Mediatrix since assumed.

52. I believe that at the end of her earthly life, she was taken up, body and soul, into celestial glory, where she reigns beside the throne of God, alongside the holy humanity of her Divine Son, over angels and men, exercising her maternal role as Dispensatrix of all Graces.54


Oh, my bad. They actually said the same thing, I was just confused by their terminology, taking "Universal Mediatrix" as "Dispensatrix of all Graces." I think St. Alphonsus uses the term "Mediatrix of all Graces" ... I found Garrigou-Lagrange** joins both Calvary and Her presence in Heaven in the term. What about St. Alphons? Not exactly in this section*** and still not exactly not:

St. Bernardine of Sienna says, that God did not destroy man after his fall,because of the peculiar love that he bore his future child Mary. And the saint adds, that he doubts not all the mercy and pardon which sinners receive under the Old Law, was granted them by God solely for the sake of this blessed Virgin.

Therefore St. Bernard exhorts us, if we have been so unfortunate as to lose divine grace, to strive to recover it, but to strive through Mary; for if we have lost it, she has found it: and hence she is called by this saint, "The finder of grace." This the angel Gabriel expressed for our consolation, when he said to the Virgin, "Fear not, Mary, for thou hast found grace!"But if Mary had never been without grace, how could the angel say to her that she had found it? A thing is said to be found when it has been lost. The Virgin was always with God and with grace; she was even full of grace, as the Archangel himself announced when he saluted her, "Hail! full of grace, the Lord is with thee." If, then, Mary did not find grace for herself, for whom did she find it? Cardinal Hugo answers,when commenting upon the above passage, that she found it for sinners who had lost it. ...


Well, no problem there. Wonder if Michael II will approve?

Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
Ss. Peter and Paul
29.VI.2026

It's also St. Marcellus (patron of their founder) and St. Cassius of Narni:

Narniae sancti Cassii, ejusdem civitatis Episcopi, de quo sanctus Gregorius Papa refert quod nullus ferme dies vitae ejus abscedebat, quo placationis hostias omnipotenti Deo non offerret; cui et concordabat vita, quia, cuncta quae habebat, in eleemosynis tribuens, in hora sacrificii totus in lacrimis diffluebat.° Demum, natalitio Apostolorum die, quo singulis annis Romam venire consueverat, in eadem Narniensi urbe, cum Missarum solemnia celebrasset, et corpus Dominicum pacemque omnibus dedisset, migravit ad Dominum.

* Profession of Catholic Faith
of the Society of Saint Pius X
to enlighten souls in the face of modern errors
https://fsspx.news/sites/default/files/documents/profession_of_catholic_faith_en.pdf


** On Mary as Mediatrix of All Graces by Fr. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
Fr. Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange, O.P. | November 6, 2025
https://onepeterfive.com/on-mary-as-mediatrix-of-all-graces-by-fr-reginald-garrigou-lagrange/


*** SECTION I. MARY IS OUR LIFE, BECAUSE SHE OBTAINS FOR US THE PARDON OF OUR SINS.
https://www.ecatholic2000.com/liguori/glories/glories11.shtml


° Sounds a bit like St. Ignatius of Loyola.

måndag 25 maj 2026

A Radical View of Sola Scriptura: "1689 Second London Baptist Confession"


Jeff Straub quotes:

“The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for his own Glory, Mans Salvation, Faith and Life, is either expressely set down or necessarily contained in the Holy Scripture; unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new Revelation of the Spirit, or traditions of men”
(Chapter 1, Paragraph 6).


There are versions of Sola Scriptura which are just annoyingly off.

Then there is this, which is actually deeply wrong.

unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new Revelation of the Spirit, or traditions of men


The Apostles obviously didn't believe that when changing the day of worship to First Day of the Week.

The Council of Nicaea didn't believe that when replacing agrarian observations at the Jerusalem temple with approach of vernal equinox (for N. Hemisph.) as determination of when Nisan begins. On the other hand, neither did the Jews who switched to a pre-calculated calendar produced by Hillel II.

The Popes didn't believe this when imposing the 12th and 14th completed birthdays (for ladies and for gengtlemen) as last days that marriage would be prohibited and even invalid due to defective age.

Note also the formulation: "either expressely set down or necessarily contained" .... contained by cultural circumstances back in the first C. AD isn't good enough. A circumstance is not a necessity. Dito for clear allusions.

Some modern Protestants who defend the raising of the marital age by referring to customs in 1st C AD Judaea (which I'd like the sources for*) fall afoul of this rule (as much as Popes do, with the 14/12 rule, except to them it was never a rule in the first place).

And clear allusions in Luke 1:28 and 42 are not good enough to establish that Mary is sinless, of which the maximal version is, since Her conception.

Know another thing which falls afoul of this rule? The rule itself. Sola Scriptura non in Scriptura./HGL




* One can also mention, Babylonian Jews had a younger limit. Meaning for personal consent to marriage. Whether the thing of Judaea is true or not, and excluding marriage by paternal order below a certain age.

tisdag 28 april 2026

Some Catholic Apologists Think They are Doing a Better Job than Me


On FB, I just found a post by Catholics Online Class, third from top right now, which starts out:

DID THE CHURCH CHAIN THE BIBLE AND B-U-RN WILLIAM TYNDALE FOR TRANSLATING IT? 🤔😲


Now, there is good stuff in it, but take a look at this:

WHO EXECUTED WILLIAM TYNDALE?

Here’s the truth that almost no one tells you:

Tyndale was not killed by the Catholic Church.

He was executed by King Henry VIII, the Protestant King of England, in 1536.

Let that sink in.

By then, Henry had already broken away from Rome (in 1534) and founded the Anglican Church, the same church that later produced the King James Version of the Bible.

Tyndale was betrayed by his friend Henry Philips, arrested in Flanders, and condemned by civil authorities loyal to King Henry, not by the Pope, not by any Catholic bishop.

He was strangled and burned at the stake for political rebellion and heresy, not for “translating the Bible.”

So, the claim that “the Catholic Church K!-illed Tyndale” is not just false, it’s historical revisionism.


Now, it is certainly true that he was executed in 1536.

It is also true that by then Henry VIII was schismatic (but not Protestant, though he favoured some personnel who were).

It is also always technically true that a heretic is executed by civil authorities. A heretic burned in the Papal state, would have been judged as heretic by priests, loyal to the then Pope as bishop of all bishops and as first shepherd of the faithful on earth, but he would have been condemned to death by a civil servent, loyal to the same Pope as secular (though theocratic) ruler of the papal state.

However, he was not just arrested in Flanders, he was executed in Flanders. The civil authorities in Flanders were not loyal to Henry VIII, they were loyal to Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire, in his quality of Duke of Brabant. You could say, he was loyal to his position and vengeful against rebellious Augsburg league. Or you can say he was loyal to Catholicism. But you cannot say he was disloyal to Catholicism.

Vilvoorde is in Belgium, not in the UK. It was in Brabant, not in England.

And while the process of burning a heretic belonged to secular authorities, the process of judging that he was a heretic belonged to Catholic priests. In this case to one James Latomus. Or "Masson" he was surnamed before joining priesthood.

The story isn't about an angry king who hated the Tyndale Bible. It's about a priest who took great pains to find out what Tyndale believed about justification and good works.

Both Latomus and Tyndale agreed, justification does not depend on previous good works. But Latomus insisted on justification meaning you sign up for good works in the future. Tyndale disagreed. Obviously, Ephesians 2:8—9 give the common ground between them and verse 10 decides for Latomus (they were discussing Romans 3 at this point).

Tyndale wasn't burned for the Bible, but for Free Grace theology. That's what Protestantism was back then. Some Evangelicals love Lordship salvation. Back then it's spelled Latomus and Roman Catholic, not Tyndale nor Lutheran.

Anyway, I tried to look at other sources if any one would say he was burned in England, apart from Catholics Online Class. I didn't find any. But before looking, I actually asked:

Excuse me, but can you substantiate that Tyndale was burned in England under Henry VIII?

Because the common story, accepted not just by fanatical Protestants, but also by secularists is, he died in Vilvoorde, under the Spanish Inquisition.

And not for the translation, but for how he interpreted a verse in Romans 3.


Perhaps these guys in Nigeria overrelied on the story he was executed for the Bible. Perhaps they confused him with someone else who was executed in England for Tyndale's Bible, but that was not Tyndale. But he was executed in Flanders, in a time when an English translation was highly irrelevant there, for his views on justification. By actual Catholics.

Hans Georg Lundahl
Nanterre UL
St. Louis Marie Grignon de Montfort
28.IV.2026

In pago sancti Laurentii ad Separim, dioecesis Lucionensis, sancti Ludovici Mariae Grignion a Montfort, Confessoris, Fundatoris Missionariorum Societatis Mariae et Filiarum a Sapientia, apostolicae vitae forma, praedicatione et devotione mariali insignis, quem Pius Papa Duodecimus Sanctorum catalogo adscripsit.